Английские наречия

Наречие — это модифицирующая часть речи. Они описывают глаголы, другие наречия, прилагательные и фразы. Они используются для описания того, как, где, когда, как часто и почему что-то происходит. 

Most adverbs in English are formed by adding -ly to an Adjective. An adverb is a word that modifies the meaning of a Verb; an Adjective; another adverb; a Noun or Noun Phrase; Determiner; a Numeral; a Pronoun; or a Prepositional Phrase and can sometimes be used as a Complement of a Preposition.

Особенности написания английских наречий

 

i) Adjectives ending -l still take -ly; careful-carefully.

ii) Adjectives ending -y change to -ily; lucky-luckily

iii) Adjectives ending -ble change to -bly; responsible-responsibly

Наречие образа действия — Adverbs of manner

 

Adverbs of manner modify a verb to describe the way the action is done.

EG: She did the work carefully.

(‘Carefully’ modifies the verb to describe the way the work was done, as opposed to quickly, carelessly, etc..)

Наречие места действия — Adverbs of place (location)

 

Adverbs of place show where the action is done.

EG: They live locally.

 

Наречия времени — Adverbs of time

 

Adverbs of time show when an action is done, or the duration or frequency.

EG: He did it yesterday. (When)

They are permanently busy. (Duration)

She never does it. (Frequency)

Наречия степени — Adverbs of degree 

Adverbs of degree increase or decrease the effect of the verb.

EG: I completely agree with you. (This increases the effect of the verb, whereas ‘partially’ would decrease it.)

 

Наречия, меняющие прилагательные 

 

An adjective can be modified by an adverb, which precedes the adjective, except ‘enough’ which comes after.

EG: That’s really good.

It was a terribly difficult time for all of us.

It wasn’t good enough. (‘Enough’ comes after the adjective.)

Наречия, меняющие другие наречия

 

An adverb can modify another adverb. As with adjectives, the adverb precedes the one it is modifying with ‘enough’ being the exception again.

EG: She did it really well.

He didn’t come last night, funnily enough.

Наречия, меняющие имена существительные

Adverbs can modify nouns to indicate time or place.

EG: The concert tomorrow

EG: The room upstairs

Наречия, меняющие именные конструкции

Some adverbs of degree can modify noun phrases.

EG: We had quite a good time.

They’re such good friends.

Quite; rather; such; what (What a day!) can be used in this way.

Наречия, меняющие детерминативы, имена числительные и местоимения

Adverbs such as almost; nearly; hardly; about, etc., can be used:

EG: Almost everybody came in the end.

Обстоятельства (adverbial)

 

An adverbial is a group of words that functions in the same way as an Adverb:

 

eg: Before the play, we met up in a pub near the theatre.

‘Before the play‘ functions in the same way as an adverb of time such as Yesterday, etc.