Предлог + глагол (-ing)
В английском языке, как и во многих других языках мира, многие глаголы, прилагательные и существительные требуют после себя определенных предлогов. Сегодня мы разберем конструкцию «Предлог + глагол (-ing)», то есть мы узнаем как работают предлог с инговой формой глагоола.
A Если после предлога (in/for/about и т.п.) сьтоит глагол, это глагол с окончанием «-ing»
- Are you interested in working for us?
- I’m not very good at learning languages.
- She must be fed up with studying.
- What are the advantages of having a car?
- This knife is only for cutting bread.
- How about playing tennis tomorrow?
- I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.
- Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.
You can also say ‘interested in somebody (do)ing…’, ‘fed up with you (do)ing…’ etc.:
- I’m fed up with you telling me what to do.
B. Другие предлоги перед глаголами с «-ing»:
before -ing и after -ing:
- Before going out, I phoned Sarah, (not ‘Before to go out’)
- What did you do after leaving school?
You can also say ‘Before I went out…‘ and ‘...after you left school’.
by -ing
(to say how something happens):
- The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
- You can improve your English by reading more.
- She made herself ill by not eating properly.
without -ing:
- I ran ten kilometres without stopping.
- They climbed through the window without anybody seeing them. (or without being seen.)
- She needs to work without people disturbing her. (or without being disturbed.)
- It’s nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money.
C. Предлог «To» с инговой формой глагола
«To» is often part of the infinitive (to do / to see etc.):
- We decided to go out.
- Would you like to play tennis?
«To» is a preposition (like in/for/about/from etc.). For example:
- We drove from London to Edinburgh.
- I prefer tea to coffee.
- Are you looking forward to the weekend?
If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing (in doing / about going etc.- see Section A). So, when to is a preposition and it is followed by a verb, you must say to -ing:
- I prefer driving to travelling by train, (not ‘to travel’)
- Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again? (not ‘looking forward to see’).
EXERCISES
1 Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the sentence(s) in brackets.
- (Why is it useful to have a car?) What are the advantages of having a car?
- (I don’t intend to lend you any money.) I have no intention of ………………………………………………….
- (Helen has a good memory for names.) Helen is good at ……………………………………………………………
- (Mark won’t pass the exam. He has no chance.) Mark has no chance of…………………………………
- (Did you get into trouble because you were late?) Did you get into trouble for ……………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….
- (We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.) Instead of …………………………………..
- (Tom thinks that working is better than doing nothing.) Tom prefers working to …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- (They got married. They didn’t tell any of their friends.) They got married without……………………………..
- (Our team played well but we lost the game.) Our team lost the game in spite of…………………….
2 Complete the sentences using by -ing. Use one of the following (with the verb in the correct form): borrow too much money break a window drive too fast put some posters up on the walls stand on a chair turn a key
- The burglars got into the house …by breaking a window.
- I was able to reach the top shelf ………………………………………………………………………………………..
- You start the engine of a car………………………………………………..
- Kevin got himself into financial difficulty …………………………………………………………………………………
- You can put people’s lives in danger…………………………………………………………
- We made the room look nicer ………………………………………………………
3 Complete the sentences with a suitable word. Use only one word each time.
- I ran ten kilometres without stopping..
- He left the hotel without………………………….. his bill.
- It’s a nice morning. How about………………………….. for a walk?
- I was surprised that she left without………………………….. goodbye to anyone.
- Before ………………………….. to bed, I like to have a hot drink.
- We were able to translate the letter into English without………………………….. a dictionary.
- It was a very long journey. I was very tired after ………………………….. on a train for 36 hours.
- I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody ………………………….. me.
- After ………………………….. the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change.
4 For each situation write a sentence with I’m (not) looking forward to.
- You are going on holiday next week. How do you feel about this? I’m looking forward to going on. holiday.
- Diane is a good friend of yours and she is coming to visit you soon. So you will see her again soon. How do you feel about this? I’m……………………………………………………………………………………….
- You are going to the dentist tomorrow. You don’t like visits to the dentist. How do you feel about this? I’m not……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- Carol is a student at school. She hates it but she is leaving school next summer. How does she feel about this? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- You’ve arranged to play tennis tomorrow. You like tennis. How do you feel about this
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