Как задавать вопросы на английском — часть 1

Сегодня на уроке английской грамматики мы узнаем как задавать вопросы на английском языке. Начнем с того, что вопросы в английском языке обычно задают, изменяя порядок слов. Перед подлежащим появляется вспомогательный глагол. и это — первое слово в предложении.

A. We usually make questions by changing the word order: we put the first auxiliary verb (AV) before the subject (S):

S  +  AV			AV + S
Tom    will		—>	will    Tom?		Will Tom be here tomorrow?
you    have		—>	have    you?		Have you been working hard?
I    can		—>	can    I?		What can I do? (not ‘What I can do?’)
the house    was		—>	was    the house?		When was the house built? (not ‘When was built the house?’)

B. In present simple questions, we use do/does:

you live    —>    do  you live?         Do you live near here?
the film  begins —> does  the film begin?     What time does the film begin? (not ‘What time begins…?’)

In past simple questions, we use did:

you sold      —> did you sell?         Did you sell your car?
the accident happened —> did the accident happen?     How did the accident happen?

But do not use do/does/did in questions if who/what/which is the subject of the sentence.

Compare:

Emma telephoned somebody (object) Who(object) did Emma telephone?

Somebody (subject) telephoned Emma.    Who(subject) telephoned Emma?

In these examples, who/what/which is the subject:

• Who wants something to eat? (not ‘Who does want’)
• What happened to you last night? (not ‘What did happen’)
• Which bus goes to the city centre? (not ‘Which bus does go’)

C. Note the position of prepositions in questions beginning Who/What/Which/Where…?:

• Who do you want to speak to?
• What was the weather like yesterday?
• Which job has Jane applied for?
• Where do you come from?

D. Negative questions (isn’t it… ? / didn’t you… ?)

We use negative questions especially to show surprise:

• Didn’t you hear the bell? I rang it four times.

or when we expect the listener to agree with us:

• ‘Haven’t we met somewhere before?’ ‘Yes, I think we have.’
• Isn’t it a beautiful day! (= It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?)

Note the meaning of yes and no in answers to negative questions:

• Don t you want to go to the party?     Yes. (= Yes, I want to go)
• Don t you want to go to the party?    No. (= No, I don t want to go)

Note the word order in negative questions beginning Why…?

• Why don’t we go out for a meal tonight? (not ‘Why we don’t…’)
• Why wasn’t Mary at work yesterday? (not ‘Why Mary wasn’t…’)

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EXERCISES

1 Ask Liz questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)

1. (where / from?) …Where are you from?..                             From London originally.
2. (where / live / now?) Where …………………………………………In Manchester.
3. (married?)………………………………………………………………..Yes.
4. (how long / married?) …………………………………………………12 years
5. (children?)…………………………………………………………………Yes, three boys
6. (how old/they?)…………………………………………………………..4,7 and 9
7. (what / husband / do?)………………………………………………….He’s a policeman.
8. (he / enjoy his job?)…………………………………………………… Yes, very much.
9. (arrest anyone yesterday?)……………………………………………..I don’t know.
10. (how often /go/on holiday?)…………………………………………….Usually once a year.
11. (where / next year?)……………………………………………………..We don’t know yet.

 

2 Make questions with who or what.

1. Somebody hit me.  Who hit you?.,
2. I hit somebody.    Who did you hit?
3. Somebody gave me the key. Who …………………………………………….
4. Something happened.     What………………………………………………..
5. Diane told me something.
6. This book belongs to somebody.
7. Somebody lives in that house.
8. I fell over something.
9. Something fell on the floor.
10. This word means something.
11. I borrowed the money from somebody.
12. I’m worried about something.

 

3 Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.

1. (when / was / built / this house) …When was this house built?.
2. (how / cheese / is / made) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. (when / invented / the computer / was) …………………………………………………………………………………
4. (why / Sue / working / isn’t / today) ………………………………………………………………………………………
5. (what time / coming / your friends / are) ……………………………………………………………………………….
6. (why / was / cancelled / the concert) …………………………………………………………………………………….
7. (where / your mother / was / born)……………………………………………………………………………………….
8. (why / you / to the party / didn’t / come) ………………………………………………………………………………
9. (how / the accident / did / happen) ……………………………………………………………………………………….
10. (why / this machine / doesn’t / work)………………………………………………………………………………………

 

4 Write negative questions from the words in brackets: In. each situation you are surprised.

1     A: We won’t see Ann this evening.
B: Why not? (she / not / come / to the party?) …Isn’t she coming to the party?..

2     A: I hope we don’t meet Brian tonight.
B: Why? (you / not / like / him?) …………………………………………………………………………………………….

3     A: Don’t go and see that film.
B: Why not? (it / not / good)……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4     A: I’ll have to borrow some money.
B: Why? (you / not / have / any?)…………………………………………………………………………………………….

На моем сайте еще много статей по английской грамматике

• Can, could и (be) able to
• Все, что вы хотели знать про глагол Should
• Could (do) и could have (done)
• Когда When и if взаимозаменяемы, а когда — нет
• I will и I’m going to. В чем разница?

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