
Иностранные слова в английском языке
Many phrases and expressions from foreign languages have found a place in everyday English among the better educated. Some of them have been adopted and have found their way into everyone’s vocabulary, while some remain foreign yet are used often enough to be worth listing here. A disproportionate number of the words are Latin and French. This should not be a surprise, considering the prominent roles that the French played in our history and literature and that the Romans, whose language was Latin, played in the history of Europe and Britain.
Многие фразы и выражения из иностранных языков нашли место в повседневном английском среди наиболее образованных людей. Некоторые из них были приняты и вошли в словарный запас каждого англичанина, в то время как другие остаются иностранными, но используются достаточно часто, чтобы их здесь стоило перечислять. Особенно большие количество заимствованных слов пришло в современный английский из латинского и французского языков. Это не должно вызывать удивления, принимая во внимание выдающуюся роль, которую французы играли в британской истории и литературе, а также ту роль, что римляне, говорившие и писавшие на латыни, сыграли в истории Европы и Британии.
Foreign Phrase | Language | Definition | По-русски это будет |
adeste fidelis | Latin | always faithful | |
à droite | French | on the right | направо |
affaire d’honneur | French | a matter of honor | |
à gauche | French | on the left | налево |
à la rigeur | French | strictly speaking; if absolutely needed | |
aloha oe | Hawaiian | greetings; love to you; farewell | |
alter ego | Latin | other self; constant companion | |
amicus curiae | Latin | friend of the court | |
amor vincit omnia | Latin | “Love conquers all.”—Virgil | |
anno regni | Latin | year in the reign of | |
à pied | French | on foot | пешком |
ars gratia artis | Latin | art for art’s sake | |
au contraire | French | to the contrary | |
autre chose | French | other thing | |
aux armes | French | to arms | |
avant garde | French | vanguard; on the cutting edge (esp. in the arts) | |
avec plaisir | French | with pleasure | |
à votre santé | French | to your taste | |
ben trovato | Italian | well conceived; ingenious | |
bien entendu | French | well understood; of course | |
bon appétit | French | good appetite; enjoy | |
bonjour | French | good day; hello | |
bonne chance | French | good luck | удачи! (пожелание) |
bonsoir | French | good evening | добрый вечер! |
buenas noches | Spanish | good night | спокойной ночи! |
buenos dias | Spanish | good day; hello | привет! добрый день! |
camino real | Spanish | royal road; high road | |
caveat emptor | Latin | Let the buyer beware! | |
cave canem | Latin | Beware of the dog! | |
c’est la guerre | French | That’s war! | |
c’est la vie | French | That’s life! | |
cherchez la femme | French | look for the woman | |
cogito, ergo sum! | Lati | “I think, therefore I am.”—Descartes | |
comédie noir | French | black comedy | черная комедия |
comme ci, comme ça | French | like this, like that; so, so | |
concordia discors | Latin | harmony in discord | |
coup de grace | French | deathblow | |
coup d’etat | French | lit. blow to the state; overthrow the state government | |
coup de maître | French | masterstroke | |
danke schön | German | thank you very much | |
danse macabre | French | dance of death | |
de facto | Latin | in fact | |
de gustibus non est disputandum | Latin | one can’t argue taste | |
Dei gratia | Latin | by the grace of God | |
de nouveau | French | new | новый, молодой |
Dominus vobiscum | Latin | may God be with you | |
en ami | French | in friendship | |
en bloc | French | all together | |
en clair | French | clear; not in code | |
enfant terribile | French | lit. terrible child; child whose behavior causes shock and dismay; mischievous or outrageous one | |
en garde | French | on guard | |
en suite | French | in succession | |
entre nous | French | between us | только между нами |
Erin go bragh | Irish | Ireland forever | |
ex more | Latin | customary | |
ex post facto | Latin | lit. what is done after; retroactive | |
femme de chambre | French | chambermaid | |
garçon | French | boy; waiter | |
gendarme | French | policeman | |
Gesellschaft | German | commercial company | |
Gotterdämmerung | German | twilight of the gods | |
gracias | Spanish | thank you | |
gravitas | Latin | solemnity | |
guten Tag | German | good day | |
habeas corpus | Latin | lit. to have a body | |
hasta la vista | Spanish | until next time; so long | |
haut monde | French | high society | |
homme du monde | French | lit. man of the world; sophisticate | |
id est (i.e.) | Latin | that is | то есть |
in perpetuum | Latin | forever | |
inshallah | Arabic | God willing | |
in utero | Latin | in the womb | |
in vino veritas | Latin | in wine there is truth | Истина — в вине |
j’accuse | French | “I accuse!”—Zola | |
jeu de mots | French | play on words | |
jeune fille | French | young girl | |
Kamerad | German | friend | |
laissez-faire | French | let be; leave alone; hands off | |
le chaim | Hebrew | to life | |
le monde | French | the world | |
l’etat, c’est moi | French | “I am the state!”—attrib. to Louis XIV | |
mano a mano | Spanish | hand in hand | рука об руку |
mea culpa | Latin | my fault | моя вина! |
merci beaucoup | French | thank you very much | большое спасибо |
mitzvah | Hebrew | blessing; commandment | |
n’est-ce pas? | French | Isn’t it so? | не так ли? |
nicht wahr? | German | Isn’t it so? | не так ли? |
nil desperandum | Latin | “never desperate”— Horace | |
noblesse oblige | French | the inferred obligation of high-ranking people to behave well toward others | |
nom de plume | French | pen name | Псевдоним |
non sequitur | Latin | a remark having no bearing on what was just said; an illogical conclusion from the facts | |
nouveau riche | French | newly rich, and hence unschooled in the appropriate behavior of the wealthy | нувориш |
omnia vincit amor | Latin | “Love conquers all!”—Virgil | «любовь побеждает все» — Виргилий |
on dit | French | lit. one says; it is said | |
o tempora! o mores! | Latin | “Oh times! Oh morals!”—Cicero, meaning “What a time we live in!” | О времена! О нравы! (Цицерон) |
par avion | French | by airplane; airmail | |
par exemple | French | for example | например |
Pax Britannica | Latin | peace imposed by Britain | |
Pax Romana | Latin | peace imposed by Rome | |
pax vobiscum | Latin | peace be with you | |
père | French | father | |
peu à peu | French | little by little | |
peu de chose | French | small thing; a trifle | |
peut être | French | perhaps | |
pièce de résistance | French | the main item | |
por favor | Spanish | please | пожалуйста |
pro bono | Latin | free; without compensation | |
pro bono publico | Latin | for the public good | |
pro forma | Latin | according to form | |
pro patria | Latin | for one’s country | |
quand même | French | just the same; regardless of consequences | |
¿qué pasa? | Spanish | What’s happening? | Что происходит? |
que sera, sera | French | what will be, will be | Что будет, то буде |
quid pro quo | Latin | one thing in return for another | |
qui va là? | French | Who goes there? | |
quod erat demonstrandum | Latin | which is (was) to be demonstrated | |
quo vadis? | Latin | Where are you going? | Камо грядеши? (Куда идем?) |
raison d’être | French | reason for being | |
répondez s’il vous plâit | French | (usu. R.S.V.P.) answer please | |
salaam | Arabic | peace (used as general greeting) | |
salle à manger | French | dinng room | |
salud | Spanish | to your health | |
sans doute | French | without doubt | без сомнения |
sans pareil | French | without equal | ничего подобного |
sante | French | good health | |
se habla español | Spanish | Spanish is spoken here. | |
shalom | Hebrew | peace, well-being (used as general greeting) | |
s’il vous plâit | French | please | пожалуйста |
status quo | Latin | existing condition | статус-кво |
terra firma | Latin | solid ground | |
terra incognito | Latin | unknown land; unknown ground | |
tête-à-tête | French | head-to-head | наедине, без посторонних |
toujours | French | always | всегда |
tour de force | French | lit. feat of strength; an exceptionally skillful production, performance, creation, etc. | |
tout de suite | French | at once; immediately | |
tout le monde | French | the whole world; everybod | |
tristesse | French | melancholy; sadness | |
Übermensch | German | superman | Супермен |
und so weiter (usw.) | German | and so on; etcetera | |
veni, vidi, vici | Latin | “I came; I saw; I conquered.”—Julius Caesar | «Пришел, увдел, победил» — Юлий Цезарь |
verbatim | Latin | word for word | |
vérité | French | truth; short for cinéma vérité; realism | Истина |
vice versa | Latin | the other way around; reversed | наоборот |
vive la différence | French | Long live the difference! [ between men and women] | Да здравствуют различия! |
vive la reine | French | Long live the queen! | да здравствует королева! |
vive le roi | French | Long live the king! | да здравствует король! |
Voila! | French | There it is! | Вот так! |