Have и have got — как сказать правильно?

Как только в процессе изучения английского языка дело доходит до глагола «to have», у студентов в головах путаются два варианта обозначения факта владения. Что использовать правильно? Как выбрать между «have» и «have got»? На самом деле разницы в смыслах между ними нет, оба варианта означают одно и то же.

Единственное, что вам следует помнить: вариант «have got» более характерен для разговорной речи. В профессиональной прозе и официальной переписке старайтесь использовать «have». Есть и еще одно отличие: «have got» обычно предпочитают в британском английском, тогда как более краткое «have» больше любят американцы.

A. Have and have got (= possess, own etc.)

We often use have got rather than have alone. So you can say:

• We’ve got a new car.        or     We have a new car.
• Ann has got two sisters     or     Ann has two sisters.

We use have got or have for illnesses, pains etc.:

• I’ve got a headache     or     I have a headache.

In questions and negative sentences there are three possible forms:

Have you got any money?	I haven’t got any money.
Do you have any money?	I don’t have any money.
Have you any money? (less usual)	I haven’t any money, (less usual)
Has she got a car?	She hasn’t got a car.
Does she have a car?	She doesn’t have a car.
Has she a car? (less usual)	She hasn’t a car. (less usual

 

When have means ‘possess’ etc., you cannot use continuous forms (is having / are having etc.

• I have / I’ve got a headache, (not ‘I’m having’)

For the past we use had (usually without ‘got’):

• Ann had long fair hair when she was a child, (not ‘Ann had got’)

In past questions and negative sentences we normally use did/didn’t:

• Did they have a car when they were living in London?
• I didn’t have a watch, so I didn’t know the time.
• Ann had long fair hair, didn’t she?

B. Have breakfast / have a bath / have a good time etc.

Have (but not ‘have got’) is also used for many actions and experiences. For example:

Have	breakfast / dinner / a cup of coffee / a cigarette etc.
	a bath / a shower / a swim / a rest / a party / a holiday / a nice time etc.
	an accident / an experience / a dream etc.
	a look (at something) / a chat (with somebody)
	a baby (= give birth to a baby)
	difficulty / trouble / fun

• Goodbye! I hope you have a nice time.
• Mary had a baby recently.

‘Have got’ is not possible in these expressions.

Compare:

I usually have a sandwich for my lunch, (have = ‘eat’ — not ‘have got’)
but I’ve got some sandwiches. Would you like one?

In these expressions, have is like other verbs. You can use continuous forms (is having / are having etc.) where suitable:

• I had a postcard from Fred this morning. He’s on holiday. He says he’s having a wonderful time.       (not ‘he has a wonderful time’)
• The phone rang while we were having dinner, (not ‘while we had’)

In questions and negative sentences we normally use do/does/did:

• I don’t usually have a big breakfast, (not ‘I usually haven’t’)
• What time does Ann have lunch? (not ‘has Ann lunch’)
• Did you have any difficulty finding somewhere to live?

 

EXERCISES

1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can’t) and some are past (couldn’t).

1. I can’t make a phone call. (any change) __I haven’t got any change_
2. I couldn’t read the notice, (my glasses)  __I didn’t have my glasses_
3. I can’t climb up onto the roof. (a ladder)   I__________________________________________
4. We couldn’t visit the museum, (enough time)   We ___________________________________
5. He couldn’t find his way to our house, (a map)   _____________________________________
6. She can’t pay her bills, (any money)    ________________________________________________
7. They can’t get into the house, (a key)    ______________________________________________
8. I couldn’t take any photographs, (a camera)   ________________________________________

 

2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.

1. Excuse me, _have you got  a pen I could borrow?
2. Why are you holding your face like that?   _________________________ a toothache?
3. _________________________ a bicycle when you were a child?
4. ‘_________________________ the time, please?’   ‘Yes, it’s ten past seven.’
5. When you did the exam,_________________________ time to answer all the questions?
6. I need a stamp for this letter.   _________________________ one?
7. ‘It started to rain while I was walking home.’   ‘Did it?   _____________________ an umbrella?’

 

3 In this exercise you have to write sentences about yourself. Choose four of the following things (or you can choose something else):

a car; a bicycle; a moped; a guitar; a computer; a camera; a driving licence; a job; a dog / a cat (or another animal)

Have you got these things now? Did you have them ten years ago? Write two sentences each time using I’ve got /1 haven’t got and I had /1 didn’t have.

now	ten years ago (or five if you’re too young)
I’ve got a car	I didn’t have a car
I haven’t got a cat	I had a cat

 

4 Complete these sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form where necessary

have lunch            have a swim    have a nice time      have a chat have a shower

have a cigarette   have a rest      have a good flight    have a baby     have a party           have a look

1. I don’t eat much during the day. I never __________________________
2. David likes to keep fit, so he ______________________________________ every day.
3. We ________________________________ last Saturday. It was great — we invited lots of people.
4. Excuse me, can I______________________________________ at your newspaper, please?
5. ‘Where’s Jim?’   ‘He _____________________________________ in his room. He’s very tired.’
6. I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and _____________________________
7. I haven’t seen you since you came back from holiday.   ________________________________?
8. Suzanne _____________________________________ a few weeks ago. It’s her second child.
9. I don’t usually smoke but I was feeling very nervous, so I_________________________________
10. The phone rang but I couldn’t answer it because I____________________________________
11. You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom.    ______________________________________?

На моем сайте еще много статей по английской грамматике

• Как выразить будущее на английском
• Правила работы глаголов Shall и Will
• Конструкция «to be going to do something»
• Настоящее время для выражения будущего
• Грамматическая конструкция «used to (do)»

Прочитать сначала