Have и have got — как сказать правильно?
Как только в процессе изучения английского языка дело доходит до глагола «to have», у студентов в головах путаются два варианта обозначения факта владения. Что использовать правильно? Как выбрать между «have» и «have got»? На самом деле разницы в смыслах между ними нет, оба варианта означают одно и то же.
Единственное, что вам следует помнить: вариант «have got» более характерен для разговорной речи. В профессиональной прозе и официальной переписке старайтесь использовать «have». Есть и еще одно отличие: «have got» обычно предпочитают в британском английском, тогда как более краткое «have» больше любят американцы.
A. Have and have got (= possess, own etc.)
We often use have got rather than have alone. So you can say:
- We’ve got a new car. or We have a new car.
- Ann has got two sisters or Ann has two sisters.
We use have got or have for illnesses, pains etc.:
- I’ve got a headache or I have a headache.
In questions and negative sentences there are three possible forms:
| Have you got any money? | I haven’t got any money. |
| Do you have any money? | I don’t have any money. |
| Have you any money? (less usual) | I haven’t any money, (less usual) |
| Has she got a car? | She hasn’t got a car. |
| Does she have a car? | She doesn’t have a car. |
| Has she a car? (less usual) | She hasn’t a car. (less usual |
When have means ‘possess’ etc., you cannot use continuous forms (is having / are having etc.
- I have / I’ve got a headache, (not ‘I’m having’)
For the past we use had (usually without ‘got’):
- Ann had long fair hair when she was a child, (not ‘Ann had got’)
In past questions and negative sentences we normally use did/didn’t:
- Did they have a car when they were living in London?
- I didn’t have a watch, so I didn’t know the time.
- Ann had long fair hair, didn’t she?
B. Have breakfast / have a bath / have a good time etc.
Have (but not ‘have got’) is also used for many actions and experiences. For example:
| Have | breakfast / dinner / a cup of coffee / a cigarette etc. |
| a bath / a shower / a swim / a rest / a party / a holiday / a nice time etc. | |
| an accident / an experience / a dream etc. | |
| a look (at something) / a chat (with somebody) | |
| a baby (= give birth to a baby) | |
| difficulty / trouble / fun |
- Goodbye! I hope you have a nice time.
- Mary had a baby recently.
‘Have got’ is not possible in these expressions.
Compare:
I usually have a sandwich for my lunch, (have = ‘eat’ — not ‘have got’)
but I’ve got some sandwiches. Would you like one?
In these expressions, have is like other verbs. You can use continuous forms (is having / are having etc.) where suitable:
- I had a postcard from Fred this morning. He’s on holiday. He says he’s having a wonderful time. (not ‘he has a wonderful time’)
- The phone rang while we were having dinner, (not ‘while we had’)
In questions and negative sentences we normally use do/does/did:
- I don’t usually have a big breakfast, (not ‘I usually haven’t’)
- What time does Ann have lunch? (not ‘has Ann lunch’)
- Did you have any difficulty finding somewhere to live?
EXERCISES
1 Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can’t) and some are past (couldn’t).
- I can’t make a phone call. (any change) __I haven’t got any change_
- I couldn’t read the notice, (my glasses) __I didn’t have my glasses_
- I can’t climb up onto the roof. (a ladder) I__________________________________________
- We couldn’t visit the museum, (enough time) We ___________________________________
- He couldn’t find his way to our house, (a map) _____________________________________
- She can’t pay her bills, (any money) ________________________________________________
- They can’t get into the house, (a key) ______________________________________________
- I couldn’t take any photographs, (a camera) ________________________________________
2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.
- Excuse me, _have you got a pen I could borrow?
- Why are you holding your face like that? _________________________ a toothache?
- _________________________ a bicycle when you were a child?
- ‘_________________________ the time, please?’ ‘Yes, it’s ten past seven.’
- When you did the exam,_________________________ time to answer all the questions?
- I need a stamp for this letter. _________________________ one?
- ‘It started to rain while I was walking home.’ ‘Did it? _____________________ an umbrella?’
3 In this exercise you have to write sentences about yourself. Choose four of the following things (or you can choose something else):
a car; a bicycle; a moped; a guitar; a computer; a camera; a driving licence; a job; a dog / a cat (or another animal)
Have you got these things now? Did you have them ten years ago? Write two sentences each time using I’ve got /1 haven’t got and I had /1 didn’t have.
| now |
ten years ago (or five if you’re too young) |
| I’ve got a car | I didn’t have a car |
| I haven’t got a cat | I had a cat |
4 Complete these sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form where necessary
have lunch have a swim have a nice time have a chat have a shower
have a cigarette have a rest have a good flight have a baby have a party have a look
- I don’t eat much during the day. I never __________________________
- David likes to keep fit, so he ______________________________________ every day.
- We ________________________________ last Saturday. It was great — we invited lots of people.
- Excuse me, can I______________________________________ at your newspaper, please?
- ‘Where’s Jim?’ ‘He _____________________________________ in his room. He’s very tired.’
- I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and _____________________________
- I haven’t seen you since you came back from holiday. ________________________________?
- Suzanne _____________________________________ a few weeks ago. It’s her second child.
- I don’t usually smoke but I was feeling very nervous, so I_________________________________
- The phone rang but I couldn’t answer it because I____________________________________
- You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom. ______________________________________?
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